來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-07-07 17:26:44
考向一 形容詞、副詞的基本用法
1.形容詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨或結(jié)果,并不表達(dá)動(dòng)作的方式。
After the long journey,the three of them went back home,hungry and tired.
經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間旅行后,他們?nèi)齻(gè)回到家,又餓又累。
2.有些副詞還可以作連詞,作副詞時(shí)常放在句末
如:though,(ever)since,in case等
He is old. He works hard,though.
=Though he is old,he works hard.
雖然他年事已高,但他工作還是很努力。
3.有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句,作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)。
如:obviously,naturally,surprisingly等
Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸運(yùn)的是,他沒(méi)被淹死,被解放軍給救了。
Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her.
高興的是,她的繼母對(duì)她很好。
4.can not/never 與enough 或too連用表示:無(wú)論怎樣都不過(guò)分;越……越好。
—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down.
——我正在大街上獨(dú)自一人騎自行車(chē),突然一輛小汽車(chē)強(qiáng)行超車(chē)把我撞倒了。
—You can never be too careful in the street.
— —在大街上你越小心越好。
1. ________,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
【解析】句意:她無(wú)憂無(wú)慮、積極樂(lè)觀,是那種用微笑給別人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)的人。本題考查形容詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的;sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的;honest and confident 誠(chéng)實(shí)的、自信的。
【答案】 D
2.Jim went to answer the phone.________,Harry started to prepare lunch.
A. However B. Nevertheless
C. Besides D. Meanwhile
【解析】句意:Jim 去接電話了。與此同時(shí),Harry 開(kāi)始做午飯。本題考查副詞用法。A.然而;B.雖然如此;C.除此之外;D.與此同時(shí)。根據(jù)前后句邏輯關(guān)系,應(yīng)選擇表示并列關(guān)系的D。
【答案】 D
3.We only had $100 and that was________to buy a new computer.
A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough
【解析】 句意:我們只有100美元,離買(mǎi)臺(tái)新電腦的錢(qián)還差得遠(yuǎn)呢。本題考查修飾詞順序。not anywhere near
或nowhere near:far from,not at all遠(yuǎn)非,絕不是,為固定短語(yǔ)。
【答案】 A
4.When it was his turn to deliver his speech,________,he walked towards the microphone.
A. nervously and embarrassingly B. nervous and embarrassedly
C. nervously and embarrassing D. nervous and embarrassed
【解析】該題考查形容詞作狀語(yǔ)。形容詞一般作定語(yǔ),但也可作狀語(yǔ)。如:He lay in bed,awake.再如:Her husband came back,drunk.
【答案】D
考向二 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
1."as+形容詞+(a/an)+名詞+as"表示同級(jí)比較,注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時(shí)各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人們普遍認(rèn)為,教學(xué)是一門(mén)科學(xué),同時(shí)也是一門(mén)藝術(shù)。
2."as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as"與"not as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as"表示同級(jí)比較,即兩個(gè)或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同(不同)。
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
這項(xiàng)工作不是像你想像的那么難。
3."the+比較級(jí)+of the two +名詞"表示"兩者中較……的那個(gè)"。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。
4.a+形容詞比較級(jí)+n.……
After two years’research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.
研究?jī)赡曛,現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)這種病有更好的理解。
We went to the USA in search of a better life.
為了尋找更美好的生活我們?nèi)チ嗣绹?guó)。
5.比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。
The students study even harder than before.
學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
汽車(chē)比自行車(chē)跑得快得多。
6.最高級(jí)
(1)最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:序數(shù)詞,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長(zhǎng)的橋。
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想買(mǎi)僅次于最貴的照相機(jī)。
(2)否定詞+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)。
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?
——你對(duì)他在會(huì)議上說(shuō)的滿意嗎?
—No.It couldn’t have been worse.
——不,不能再差了。
1.(2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空)Scientists have responded by __noting__(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) that populations are ___68___(high) than they actually are.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)其后than they actually are可知,此處為形容詞的比較級(jí),故填higher。
2.(2017·新課標(biāo)III卷·語(yǔ)法填空)He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的of all可知,他聲音最大,所以用最高級(jí)loudest。
3.(2017·江蘇卷·任務(wù)型閱讀)The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)______ than it was in the 20th.
【答案】lower
【解析】根據(jù)"declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st"可知,21世紀(jì)的出生率比20世紀(jì)低,且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修飾比較級(jí),故填lower。
4.(2017·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空)As 65(a) result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【答案】worse
【解析】考查比較級(jí)。句意:更糟糕的是,人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。故填worse。
5. Believe it or not,swimming is________as any to lose unwanted weight.
A. a way as good B.as a good way
C. as a way good D.as good a way
【解析】 考查固定短語(yǔ)。as...as表示"和……一樣",固定表達(dá)方式有"as+adj./adv.+as""as+adj.+a/an+n.+as"等。
【答案】 D
6. —Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success?
—Yes,________!It couldn’t be ________.
A. relatively;better B. approximately;worse
C. absolutely;better D. fortunately;worse
【解析】本題考查副詞和形容詞在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。relatively 相對(duì)地,比較地;approximately 大約;absolutely 當(dāng)然是,絕對(duì)正確;fortunately 幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境知,第十一屆全運(yùn)會(huì)絕對(duì)是一個(gè)成功的盛會(huì),沒(méi)有比它更好的了,故C項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 C
【巧學(xué)妙記】
形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)用法口訣 1. 比較級(jí)與最高級(jí):兩者比較than相連,三者比較the在前。 2. 同級(jí)比較:同級(jí)比較用原形,as... as永不離; as... as加not,只言兩者是同一, 若是not so... as,后強(qiáng)前弱不看齊。 【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 ①比較級(jí)通常和than連用,而最高級(jí)前通常有定冠詞the; ②同級(jí)比較一般用as... as表示"與……一樣",這時(shí)誰(shuí)強(qiáng)誰(shuí)弱不能比較出來(lái),而not so... as則表示后者比前者強(qiáng),翻譯為"不如……"。 |
【難點(diǎn)釋疑】
比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)含義
1. 比較級(jí)+than any other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中國(guó),長(zhǎng)江比其他任何一條河流都長(zhǎng)。
2. 比較級(jí)+than all(the) other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中國(guó)比亞洲的其他國(guó)家都大。
3. no/never/nothing...+比較級(jí)
Nothing is more valuable than time. 時(shí)間比任何東西都珍貴。
4. "否定詞+不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+名詞"或"否定詞+副詞的比較級(jí)"表示"從未……;未曾……"
This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one. 這部電影很感人,我從沒(méi)有看過(guò)一部比它更好的。
考向三 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法
表示倍數(shù)的句型:
(1)A is+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B
(2)A is+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B
(3)A is+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,height 等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍數(shù)+that+of+B
(5)A is+倍數(shù)+what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
①This building is three times higher than that one.
This building is three times as high as that one.
This building is three times the height of that one.
這個(gè)建筑物是那個(gè)建筑物的3倍高。
②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.
=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的產(chǎn)量是2008年的三倍。
③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.
自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后,這家工廠2008年生產(chǎn)的小汽車(chē)是上一年的兩倍。
1. When you study the local map,you’ll find this town is________.
A. twice the size of that one
B. twice as a large town as that
C. twice as larger as that one
D. twice as larger a town as that
【解析】句意:當(dāng)你研究當(dāng)?shù)氐牡貓D時(shí),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城鎮(zhèn)是那個(gè)的兩倍大。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式:A is +倍數(shù)+the+名詞(如size/length)+of B;B項(xiàng)中不定冠詞位置錯(cuò)誤;C、D項(xiàng)中as后應(yīng)用形容詞原級(jí)。
【答案】A
2. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s,but it cost________his.
A.as much twice as
B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as
D.as twice much as
【解析】倍數(shù)表達(dá)法是形容詞比較等級(jí)中一種很常用的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。不管用哪種比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示比較,表示倍數(shù)的詞總是放在比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的最前面。
【答案】B
3.My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice________expensive.
A.as B. so
C. too D. very
【解析】 考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。這里的倍數(shù)是"twice",由expensive這一原級(jí)可知,這里使用了"as...as..."這一比較結(jié)構(gòu),在具體的語(yǔ)境中,后面的一個(gè)as以及后面的成分可以承前省略,即這里expensive后面省略了as ours。
【答案】A
考向四 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?/strong>
限定詞→數(shù)詞→描繪詞→(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) →出處→材料性質(zhì)→類(lèi)別→名詞
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
Tony is going camping with ___________ boys.
A.little two otherB. two little other
C.two other littleD.little other two
【解析】由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
【答案】C
【巧學(xué)妙記】 多個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞的先后位置的口訣: 限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高,形狀年齡和新老;顏色國(guó)籍跟材料,作用類(lèi)別往后靠。 其中,"限定詞"包括:冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數(shù)詞,它位于各類(lèi)形容詞前。它本身分為三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定詞有all、half、both、分?jǐn)?shù)和倍數(shù);中位限定詞有冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等;后位限定詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞,但序數(shù)詞位于基數(shù)詞前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。"描繪"性形容詞如:beautiful、bad、cold、great等。"大長(zhǎng)高"表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等一些詞。表示"形狀"的詞如:round square等。"國(guó)籍"指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的詞。"材料"的詞如:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。"作用類(lèi)別"的詞如:medical, college,writing desk,police car等。 |
考向五 形容詞、副詞辨析
形容詞副詞的區(qū)別及用法
1. late 和later
He is late. He is half an hour late. 他遲到了,遲到了半小時(shí)。
Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分鐘后,他來(lái)了。
2. pleased, pleasing與pleasant
(1)pleased的含義是“感到滿意,高興”,后常跟介詞at, with。例如:I'm pleased to see you here.在這兒見(jiàn)到你很高興。She's pleased with our programme. 她對(duì)我們的節(jié)目很滿意。(2)pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”,相當(dāng)于“giving pleasure”。例如:My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的進(jìn)步令人高興。The baby has a pleasing voice. 這個(gè)嬰兒的聲音很悅耳。(3)pleasant表示“快樂(lè)的,愉快的”。例如:The girl has a pleasant childhood. 這個(gè)女孩有一個(gè)快樂(lè)的童年。To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 過(guò)一個(gè)愉快的假期是我最喜歡的。
3. living, alive與live
(1)living作定語(yǔ)時(shí),既可置于所修飾的名詞之前,也可置于所修飾的名詞之后,譯為"活著的,當(dāng)代的"。在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)。例如:
Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依賴陽(yáng)光生存。
My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。
(2)alive譯為“活著的”,可以在句中作表語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí),位于它所修飾的名詞之后。例如:
He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is that sheep dead or alive? 那頭羊是死了還是活著?
(3)alive還有“活潑的,活動(dòng)的,有生機(jī)的”之意。例如:
You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起來(lái)很活躍。
(4)live表示“活著的”,做“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播”講時(shí)可以用作形容詞、副詞,在句子中可以作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)。
The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 這個(gè)節(jié)目是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的。
4. worth,worthy與worthwhile
(1)worth意為“值得的”,后接v-ing形式,構(gòu)成“be worth doing”結(jié)構(gòu),也可接表示價(jià)格的名詞及錢(qián)數(shù);
(2)worthy意為“值得的”,后接“of+名詞(或being+過(guò)去分詞)”,構(gòu)成“be worthy of+名詞(或being done)”結(jié)構(gòu)或“be worthy to be done”結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3)be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如:
This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 這件上衣價(jià)值一百元。
This problem is worthy of being discussed. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得討論。
5. too、also、either
too和also用于肯定句、疑問(wèn)句,too多用于口語(yǔ),also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ),either用于否定句。Too常用在句末,also常用在句中。
Are they coming too ?他們也來(lái)嗎?
She is young and beautiful, and also rich.她年輕漂亮,而且有錢(qián)。
He hasn’t finished it, either.他也還沒(méi)有做完。
6. likely與possible, probable
likely 的主語(yǔ)可以是it也可以是名詞或其它代詞,而possible和probable只能用it作主語(yǔ)。
This strange grass never seen before seems ____to be a new plant.
A. likely B. possibly
C. probably D. particularly
【解析】句意:這種從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的草可能是一種新植物。主語(yǔ)是This strange grass,可以排除B、C兩項(xiàng),D項(xiàng)不符合句意。故選A
【答案】A
7. most 與mostly
most做形容詞或代詞,如:most students, most of us;mostly為副詞,表示大部分情況下,或成分中大部分。如:
考向六幾組難點(diǎn)句型詳解
句型1:
A is 倍數(shù)+the size/length/weight/height…of B.如:The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是前一個(gè)的四倍大。
句型2:
A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對(duì)于B就如C對(duì)于D。”如:Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)于機(jī)器就如心臟對(duì)于動(dòng)物。
句型3:
can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough無(wú)論……都不為過(guò),越……越…… 如:You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你無(wú)論怎么小心都不為過(guò)。
句型4:
too…to句型的兩個(gè)意義(1) 表示否定意義,意為“太……而不能”。如:This question is too hard for me to understand. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難理解了。(2) 表示肯定意義,意為“非常,很,極”。當(dāng)too后面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容詞時(shí),too表示“很,非常”之意,與very表達(dá)“很”的意思相同。當(dāng)too前有all, but, only等詞時(shí),形成only /but/all too…to do結(jié)構(gòu),仍舊表達(dá)“非常,很,極”之意。如:I’m too glad to hear that.我對(duì)此感到非常高興。
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